L’invasione di cui voglio parlare non è quella della "Aryan race" advocated by the Nazis, race does not exist but in whose name the different invasions were actually undertaken with related atrocities. The reference is to the people instead of the Aryans around the basin of the Indus about 1500 BC We are interested because they represent a story of great embarrassment historical, scientific, cultural and, more generally, due to a combination of irrational, self-importance and convenience.
is not a statement of historical scholarship, but an invitation is enjoyable to read a book (Graham Hancock, "Fingerprints of the Gods", ed. TEA, 2005) and the reading of human consciousness that even in men Science leaves room for them closures and insecurities.
It is therefore a matter a bit 'wider: of how the injury of one, in fact, affects everyone. Just as with the education of children: parents often send their children out of balance its shortcomings (see human infant), who then as adults will be parents of the same type. We do this comparison, not to endorse a paternalistic view of science where scientists and parents have protected the poor people, children (even if very often happens that way), but just to show how even men of science, chain of transmission of knowledge of a company and introduce elements of suffering frustration due to their limits, but above the low awareness of them. Trigger it, or keep a vicious circle in information and training company, which in turn will produce scientists with the same limits.
mode interference is the same and always has its roots in irrationality, but this time with a multiplication factor of much greater: a scientist-parent has not just one or two children but has influenced literally millions of individuals submitted to him .
Refusing to take some research on cancer using a certain X factor Y, considered prejudicially "quack," not only creates conditions for creating scientists with some students the same prejudices, but can actually create more millions of sufferers.
And a doctor is no more serious injury of a historic prejudice, such as short-circuit "Aryan" will show us.
The connection between the two "races" and two "invasions" which was mentioned at the beginning in fact there is everything will be clearer later, but just think that the Nazi swastika is nothing but the Hindu swastika, turned ( http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svastica ). Indeed, several things have been written on the practices and knowledge of occult Nazism drawn from Eastern mystical traditions: theme Curious and intriguing, but certainly the current "conspiracy" and "conspiracy" that do not follow ( http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misticismo_nazista ).
We follow instead the track because of the Aryan invasion in northern India has been found in all history books even if it never happened.
We follow with Graham Hancock, a journalist and non-archaeologist-historian who deals with archeology and history, and that certainly did not need me to try to sell some books more. I quote him with sympathy because it often goes against all. Archaeologists and historians, of course, but for the sake of seeking the truth.
Gli rinfacciano soprattutto di non essere un archeologo e quindi di non poter parlare di archeologia. O meglio, di non poter avanzare critiche o controproposte nel merito.
Non succede solo a lui e non solamente in quel campo, e questo conferma come il “principio di autorità” che la scienza delle origini voleva combattere in favore della razionalità e della libertà (era la spinta “illuminista” contro “il sapere infallibile” che proveniva dalle sacre scritture di una chiesa) non sia per niente decaduto. Qualche miglioramento forse c’è stato (non tutti sono d’accordo, su questo), ma essenzialmente si è sostituita l’autorità con un’altra, to which we bow with technological and rites of priests today are the engineers, scientists credited.
dell'antimodernismo Doing the "things were better when it was worse," Hancock in all his books always put a couple of interesting issues, very real, which dealt with simplicity and rigor, open to questions of broader .
against interference that distorts, in fact, the antidote to the reader, the scholar, the simple user (not final!) Is to recognize the mechanisms, and put their attention on critical phenomena and facts. It can not be an expert or know everything, but the exercise of criticism and openness in those fields that are more congenial or simply interesting, we can grow them, so that they can grow and expand into other fields sprout in other people, this time feeding a virtuous cycle for regenerating society.
If you are curious, are a few excerpts from the book in question.
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The Aryan invasion of India
See The attribution of the 'Aryan invaders', the date of 1200 BC for the consolidation of Veda, and the theory of 'Aryan invasion can all be traced back to an idea that had already taken root in the early nineteenth century, when in fact a good number of Western scholars began to note that the Sanskrit, the classical language they're written in the Vedas , and its modern relatives in northern India, including Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Sindhi and Gujerati, have very close affinity with ancient and modern European languages \u200b\u200bsuch as latin, greek, English, Norwegian and German. How could this happen so incredibly wide spread of what is known as the language family 'caucasian'? This is the question that scholars were placed.
soon began to take shape a doctrine rather predictable. "This doctrine," says Gregory Possehl [Professor of Anthropology all'Università della Pennsylvania], «aveva a che fare con la razza ariana, proposta come la popolazione che parlava le lingue della famiglia indoeuropea. La superiorità intellettuale e morale europea era una conclusione scontata per la maggior parte dei sapienti del diciannovesimo e primo ventesimo secolo. Il successo del colonialismo europeo, del cristianesimo e della rivoluzione industriale lo dimostravano. Tale condizione di innata superiorità veniva rintracciata nei greci classici per essere poi portata avanti da Roma. Con la scoperta della famiglia linguistica indoeuropea vi era la prova di una storia ancora più antica, appartenente a un passato preistorico che solo gli archeologi potevano portare alla luce. Gli arii, o indoeuropei, dovevano essere with this 'superiority' as they too had successfully conquered vast territories, from the Bay of Bengal to the extreme Scandinavian islands and the United Kingdom. "
It is against this background of inevitable ideological European superiority, combined with the distortion of the references to the Aryans in the Rig [Vedic hymns] , that the doctrine dell''invasione Arian was born in India and a Credit purchase universal among scientists, which event occurred at a precise moment in history as a mass movement of peoples from a 'homeland' of Europe to India.
fact the oldest version of this scenario, remained widely accepted until the twentieth century, pushed much further. He claimed that India - which had previously been inhabited only by aboriginal tribes and Dravidian dark-skinned - was invaded from the north-west through the passes of Afghanistan by a European race and perhaps even light-skinned, blue-eyed, to some point during the second millennium BC The pale nomadic invaders, mounted on horseback, equipped with iron weapons and driving fast chariots, called themselves 'Aryans'. Once overwhelmed, and quickly subdued the indigenous inhabitants, whose civilization was at a lower level of them, they imported their naturalistic religion - as expressed in the Rig Veda - which was then imposed on the races 'inferior' conquered India.
The second scenario begins to emerge after the discovery and excavation of sites of Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the Indus Valley during the twenties and thirties. It soon becomes clear that this sophisticated city, the result of central planning, were much older than 1500 BC, the date alleged Aryan invasion of India, and instead belonged to unidentified high civilization before to be placed in a ' ancient times, perhaps as old as the Sumerian or Egyptian, one can argue - in other words dating back to 3000 BC or even earlier.
Like other bad ideas die hard, the Aryan invasion theory survived, adapting to what would be a critical witness to the contrary. Although history was increasingly enlarged to match the new archaeological discoveries, historians were long able to hold on to the concept of an invasion by hordes of 'Aryan' in the second millennium BC
To change the background was. Previously, the pale Arians had overwhelmed the primitive tribes of hunter-gatherers with dark skin. Now they admit that they had swept a sophisticated urban civilization flourished in India for at least a thousand years before their arrival and by far the most culturally advanced, though not up to their value and their superior military technology. Before the Aryans were rappresentati come portatori di civiltà a un'India barbarica e ottenebrata; ora erano i distruttori di una civiltà molto più antica della loro - una civiltà colta, per di più, e che con ogni evidenza prosperava da lunghissimo tempo.
Si accettava universalmente che questa razza più antica di abitanti urbani fosse formata da dravida - gruppo etno-linguistico rappresentato principalmente da parlanti tamil, una lingua ora interamente confinata all'India meridionale. Senza altra prova oltre all'opinione autorevole (e in questo caso sbagliata) dell'illustre archeologo britannico sir Mortimer Wheeler basata su una dozzina di scheletri rinvenuti a Mohenjodaro e recanti presunti segni di ferite, gli studiosi adottarono la teoria that the Aryan invaders had 'killed' the inhabitants of the Dravidian Indus-Sarasvati cities, which were seized by force repelling the survivors of their territories to the south.
Although the theory of the massacre was later discredited (the skeletons belonged to different eras, did not contain traces of life-threatening injuries and were not the result of a single or particular event), the idea of \u200b\u200ba violent invasion of India by a non-Indian population calling itself the Aryan has survived at least in some niches of academics official until the early nineties - when even the most ardent supporters began to distance themselves from it. By 1999 texts standard on the subject were updated and Gregory Possehl could write the final obituary Aryan invasion hypothesis in weighty tome Indus Age: "Ultimately there is no reason to believe today that it is never an Aryan speaking Indo-European languages \u200b\u200band had a series of cultural traits or Indo-Aryan consistent or well defined. "
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Hancock does not play the "conspiracy" and "conspiracy" which sees secret plots of the gray eminences in the development of history and science, but looking at the data, explanations currents and contradictions, just detecting the fact that even among scientists find place prejudices closures. Sometimes maybe even bad faith (to save a career that far fondatasi on matters that might be wrong) but it is not exactly a conspiracy, granting the good faith and regrets the narrowness of the man-scientist.
In a next song says:
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There can be few doubts that evolution and the long survival of the Aryan invasion theory has been established thanks to the longstanding belief by the European scholars that the presence in India of a language 'superior' as Sanskrit - related to European languages \u200b\u200b- would imply a shift of that language in a remote prehistoric times from Europe to India rather than from India to Europe. Vere Gordon Childe
, Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at Edinburgh University and then Director of the Institute of Archaeology, University of London, was one of the most influential exponents of this gross academic racism. In 1926, while excavations were in progress of Harappa and Mohenjodaro, Childe praised the "gift" that in his opinion the muscular 'Nordic' Aryan had gone to India:
"The lasting gift bequeathed to the people conquered by the Aryans was not that of a material civilization or a more physical, but a language more excellent and the mentality it generated ... At the same time, the fact that the early Aryans were of Nordic origin not limited importance: the physical qualities of that race, by the sheer superiority in strength, allowed people to gain even more advanced and consequently to impose their language in areas where their physical type had almost entirely disappeared. This is the truth underlying the panegyrics of the proponents of Germanism, the physical superiority of the Nordic made them eligible to be the vehicle for more than one language. "
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This, in addition to closing the loop connecting the "Aryan" which was mentioned beginning, we should suggest that the fossils and historical artifacts are not just for scholars or curious objects to be displayed in a museum, but the pieces of a picture, in which, as mankind, we reflect ourselves. It should be ensured that this image is as close as possible: only awareness can save us from the tragic mistakes.
For now I'll stop here because I have to go check on how the Subsidiary tell my niece.
Good reading.
Marcello
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